The U.S. is one of the most sought-after study destinations for international students—not just for world-class education, but also for the career opportunities it opens. Among the most valuable opportunities available to F-1 visa holders are Optional Practical Training (OPT) and Curricular Practical Training (CPT).
These programs allow students to gain real-world experience in their field of study, often serving as stepping stones toward full-time employment or long-term immigration plans.
In this guide, we’ll explore everything international students need to know about OPT and CPT:
What is OPT?
Optional Practical Training (OPT) is temporary employment that is directly related to an F-1 student’s major area of study.
There are two types of OPT:
- Pre-Completion OPT: Done while you’re still studying
- Post-Completion OPT: Done after graduation
- Key Facts:
- You can work up to 12 months on OPT per degree level (Bachelor’s, Master’s, PhD)
- STEM graduates can apply for a 24-month extension, totaling 36 months
- OPT is available only once per educational level
- You must apply for OPT through USCIS, and it takes about 2-3 months to be approved
What is CPT?
Curricular Practical Training (CPT) allows F-1 students to take part in internships or cooperative education while they are still studying.
✅ Key Facts:
- CPT must be part of your curriculum (e.g., required internship, for-credit training)
- You must get approval from your Designated School Official (DSO)
- CPT can be part-time (<20 hours/week) or full-time (>20 hours/week)
- If you use 12 months of full-time CPT, you lose eligibility for OPT
OPT vs. CPT: What’s the Difference?
| Feature | OPT | CPT |
|---|---|---|
| When it Happens | Before or after graduation | During your program |
| Application Process | USCIS approval needed | Only school (DSO) approval |
| Type of Work | Must be directly related to your major | Must be part of curriculum |
| Duration | 12 months (36 for STEM) | No fixed limit, but 12 months full-time makes you ineligible for OPT |
| Paid or Unpaid | Both allowed | Mostly paid internships |
OPT STEM Extension: Big Advantage for Tech Students
Students graduating in STEM fields (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics) can apply for a 24-month STEM extension after completing their initial 12 months of OPT.
✅ Eligibility:
- Must be working for an E-Verify employer
- Must have a degree on the DHS STEM Designated Degree Program List
- Application must be submitted before your original OPT expires
Salary Expectations & Job Types During OPT/CPT
| Field | Average Salary | Common Roles |
|---|---|---|
| Computer Science | $80K–$100K | Software Engineer, Data Analyst |
| Engineering | $75K–$95K | Mechanical Engineer, Civil Engineer |
| Business/Finance | $60K–$85K | Financial Analyst, Marketing Intern |
| Life Sciences | $55K–$75K | Research Assistant, Clinical Associate |
How to Apply for OPT
- Request recommendation from your DSO (get I-20 updated)
- Prepare Form I-765 and required documents
- Submit your application to USCIS
- Wait for EAD (Employment Authorization Document)
- Start working once you receive your EAD and start date has arrived
Tips for Success
- Apply Early: Start the OPT process 90 days before your program ends.
- Choose Jobs Wisely: All work must be directly related to your major.
- Track Employment: You must report jobs in SEVIS via your school’s portal.
- Stay Informed: USCIS and university guidelines may change—stay updated!
Conclusion
OPT and CPT are more than just work permits—they’re your chance to gain hands-on U.S. work experience, build your resume, and open doors to long-term career success.
Whether you’re planning a short-term internship through CPT or aiming for a full-time role via OPT, strategic planning and timely action are key.
